World Bank: Miguel Arroyo Part of Bid-Rigging Syndicate

By Angie M. Rosales

Daily Tribune 02/25/2009

Ombudsman Merceditas Gutierrez knew all along that First Gentleman Jose Miguel “Mike” Arroyo and the late Sen. Robert Barbers were named in the World Bank (WB) “referral report” by witnesses who testified to the alleged collusive activities in bid-rigging of road projects in the country. This knowledge came as early as 2006.

She was also given additional information providing leads to the government in evidence-gathering, immediately after being furnished with the WB referral report, contrary to the claims she made before Senate investigators during a hearing into the WB mess last February 12 that she had received the documents only two days before her scheduled appearance in the upper chamber.

A copy of the referral report that the Ombudsman and the Department of Finance previously denied media access, clearly showed that WB findings on the bid-rigging allegations on the National Road Improvement and Management Program I (NRIMP-I) specifically identified Mr. Arroyo and Barbers as the two “Filipino public figures” who have participated in the collusive scheme.

An expanded list of contractors, more than the three local and four Chinese firms, were also named on the list.

Also included in the list were Public Works and Highways officials, former DPWH Secretary Florante Soriquez, Region IV-A Assistant Director Huillio “Boy” Belleza and a certain “Tito” Miranda.

“These names should not be disclosed publicly and should not be attributed to the World Bank as these names are only being provided by INT (World Bank’s Integrity division) to facilitate any potential

investigations conducted by your government into the disclosed matter,” the WB referral report stated.

Gutierrez was also notified by WB officials themselves who met up with her as early as May 2006, of the WB’s administrative fact-finding inquiry findings of allegations of fraud and corruption in the first phase of the national roads improvement and management project-1 (NRIMP-1), in which the Philippines was provided with a loan of $150 million, of which $133 million was released in March 2007.

This was gathered from the referral report, attached with the Nov. 13, 2007 letter by WB Director for Department of Institutional Integrity (INT) Suzanne Rich Folsom to Gutierrez, “hand-delivered” and labeled “strictly confidential” but were furnished to senators during a briefing yesterday afternoon, alongside with other documents – the decisions of the sanctions board, notice of sanctions proceedings and the NRIMP-1 evidence.

Top World Bank official in the Philippines on Tuesday told legislators it was up to the local authorities to prosecute firms the bank had banned for collusion in bidding for projects.

Country director Bert Hofman said the WB was mandated to make sure that its funds are used properly, stressing that its internal investigations and sanctions “ultimately protect the taxpayers’ money” of member countries.

He told a Senate panel investigating the scandal that the WB has already produced a “referral report” given to the finance department for possible follow up in investigating “whether Philippine laws have been broken.”

Sen. Manuel “Mar” Roxas II, who presided the meeting released to the public copies of the WB report after he, along with 14 other senators, signed a manifestation agreeing to release to the public all documents submitted to the committee during its Feb. 12 hearing into the rigging mess.

“This confirmed our earlier assertions that the Ombudsman played deaf and blind into these allegations,” he said.

Gutierrez however insisted that she had her office investigate this immediately “after we received the report from the WB. The only thing is that it was very difficult to investigate when the information given was too little and worse, could not be used,” she said, in her defense.

Although WB officials refused to delve into the “collusion” charges controversy, Roxas told reporters after the briefing that “they stood by their report and gave careful and detailed findings that led them to the issue of the debarment” or the blacklisting of three Filipino contractors.

WB officials, led by Hofman and communications officer David Theis whose previous position was spokesman for INT, regional chief counsel Anthony Toft and senior Communications officer Leonora Gonzales, pointed out to senators that one of the options the WB is considering if the government will not act on their reported rigged bidding is “not to the country lend anymore.”

Sen. Panfilo Lacson relayed this information in an interview, saying that the WB, in effect, issued a veiled threat to was what this struck him during the briefing when WB officials hinted at this.

“They said that if they see that the government will not lift a finger, will take no action on the information they provided us, one option is ‘not to lend (to us) anymore.’”

In page 4 of the said nine-page referral report, the names of Mr. Arroyo, labeled as the “husband of the President” and the deceased senator, were put under the heading “Filipino public figures” – whom witnesses, part of the more than 60 interviews the WB conducted in the course of its investigation, identified along with “contractors, Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) officials as having participated in the collusive scheme which was found to have occurred in the territory of the Philippines and therefore likely falls within its jurisdiction.”

“These names should not be disclosed publicly and should not be attributed to the WB as these names are only being provided by INT to facilitate any potential investigations conducted by your government into the disclosed matter,” the report said.

Findings indicated in the referral report said that the “INT investigation adduced evidence of the existence of a collusive scheme amongst the contractors, DPWH officials and public figures concerned in all three rounds of biddings related to the P1.4 billion and P1.6 billion contract packages under NRIMP-1.

“Numerous witnesses testified that a cartel existed in the Philippines, controlling bidding on road projects by international and local contractors. Over a dozen witnesses told INT that a well-organized cartel, managed by contractors and government officials, controls DPWH contract allocation and sets inflated contract prices on projects funded by the Bank and counterpart organizations. (Some of these witnesses themselves cartel participants, others were government officials.) according to these witnesses, Mr. Eduardo C. de Luna, president of EC De Luna, was at the center of the cartel,” the report said.

De Luna, one of the three blacklisted contractors, was alluded to in the Senate hearing on the matter as having close association with Mr. Arroyo.

In the referral report, it mentioned that after Department of Finance (DoF) Secretary Margarito Teves was provided a briefing in Washington D.C. by the WB-INT in April 2006 on the interim findings on bid riggings, Gutierrez followed suit.

“Subsequently in Manila, in May 2006, the Honorable Tanodbayan Ma. Merceditas N. Gutierrez, the Filipino Ombudsman, was briefed by the INT investigators on the methodology used by the INT in the courser of its investigation,” it also said.

Gutierrez made no mention of any briefing with WB during the Senate hearing.

Folsom, in her letter, even reminded Gutierrez on this matter, where the former also specifically told the Ombudsman the “Filipino government may wish, at its discretion, to use this Report as a basis for undertaking its own investigation into the allegations in order to determine whether any laws of the Philippines have been violated.”

“As you may recall, in May 2006, two members from my office, the department of INT, provided you with an oral briefing on the interim findings of an administrative fact-finding (the investigation) that we had conducted into the allegations of fraud and corruption in the first of the Philippines NRIMP-1.

“INT had briefed your office at that time, as the Filipino secretary of finance had indicated to us that your office would be leading any potential investigation into the matter on behalf of the Filipino government,” she said.

Folsom also told Gutierrez that their findings and conclusions in the report are based on their own rules and procedures and should not be used by the Philippine government as a basis for initiating any administrative, criminal or civil proceedings or even be cited in any further investigation.

The bank officials also assured Gutierrez that the “Bank would be amenable to a request for additional assistance from your government, save in that any further assistance provided would have to take into account the need for INT to protect the confidentiality of any sensitive witnesses and to respect any other possible constraints.”

The same report also mentioned that Gutierrez “undertook to conduct a criminal investigation into the matter” adding that Deputy Ombudsman Mark Jalandoni has been appointed to lead the investigation into whether or not any Filipino laws had been violated as a result of the bid-rigging uncovered by the INT investigation.

“So what happened from the time the referral report was given to them, to the DoF and then stamped received by the Ombudsman on Nov. 19? And then additional documents were sent to provide them additional information to further elucidate the referral report? That’s what we want to find out,” said Lacson.

“Who sat on it? If the WB sent those documents in November 2007 why was it she was claiming that she received it only two days before last Thursday’s hearing of the economic affairs committee?” he asked.

“By interest, I made mention to them (WB officials) the copy of the report that I have. These were in fact, snippets contained in the report, but they did not deny it.” he said.

Lacson said they will pursue this matter before the blue ribbon committee chaired by Sen. Richard Gordon where there is pending resolution on the criminal aspect in the WB mess.

“It’s difficult for me to answer for the Ombudsman because personally I feel she did not do her job. She was asked about it, her response was, it was an oral briefing, it was a briefing on the processes and the procedure, that this happened in Washington . This is the May 2006 briefing, this was according to her, it was oral, and therefore reading between the lines I think she assumed it was informal, that it was more on the process rather than on the leads, the findings, or the leads of the investigation. She implied that she was told or asked, “well don’t do too much because the process is still ongoing.” So, the interpretation was that she will not disturb the process because it might ruin the investigation,” Roxas, for his part, said in an interview.

Modus operandi in bid fixing

Bribery used to be a simple operation, the exclusive domain of contractors. They only have to bribe officials in exchange for a winning bid. Now, a well-entrenched Mafia--involving colluding government officials, lawmakers and favored firms--dictates who wins and loses in government projects.

Bidders and those who have first-hand knowledge of the wheeling and dealing in government contracts fleshed out to World Bank investigators how the anatomy of corruption works in the Philippines.

It is a scheme that bidders are forced to play, if they have to have an even chance of bagging a contract. Those who do not cooperate “are subject to elimination from bidding in future contracts.” This was the case of one foreign contractor in a public works project that refused to play the game. The foreign contractor was among those interviewed.

As detailed by those interviewed by the WB, in large government contracts, “ the process is completely fixed. Prices are determined, and winners and losers are determined, before the bidding even takes place.”

In the past, contractors would just obtain the approved budget contract (ABC) for a package by bribing officials within an agency. Then bidders would just arrange among themselves which contractor would bag the contract.

Politicians set the rules

But this time, it is now the politicians who set the rules. “Contractors engage in a sort of auction, where the contractor willing to pay the largest bribe can win the politician’s support,” one local contractor told WB probers. We got portions of the WB inquiry containing interviews with local and foreign contractors and a former government official.

Normally, one has to deal with politicians in both the national and local level—the former who controls the implementing agency and the latter, whose area is hosting the project. One former senator was known “to be very active in using his influence to further the collusive bid scheme.”

At this point, word of honor is not honored. The one who has the money reigns supreme. Bribe, preferably, should be given at once to seal any agreement.

It is also crucial to be in the favor of the ‘facilitator’ of the bidding manipulation, which bidders say is contractor Eduardo de Luna, owner and proprietor of the now-blacklisted E.C de Luna Construction Corp. for public works projects. Contractors interviewed by WB says de Luna has connections in the public works department who are part of the cartel.

At least two WB witnesses identified them as Public Works assistant regional director for Region 4 Huillio Belleza and one Tito Miranda, supposedly assigned at the DPWH-Philippine-Japan Highway Loan Project Management Office, as members of the Mafia.

We tried to get in touch with Belleza and Miranda but they were out of office as of this writing.

SOP and sham bidding

Several witnesses told WB probers that de Luna enjoys the backing of First Gentleman Miguel “Mike” Arroyo. De Luna, they say, acts as Mr. Arroyo’s go-between in foreign assisted projects.

One contractor said E.C de Luna is so powerful that it controls most of the bidding at the Department of Public Works and Highways. The WB source said it was through E.C. de Luna operations that China Geo Engineering Corp., China Road and Bridge Corp, and China Wu Yi Co. Ltd., three of the blacklisted firms by the WB, won the bidding for WB-funded projects. The source had predicted that these three Chinese would win the bids before the tender offers were opened.

Once the ‘winning’ firm has been identified with the blessing of the cartel, the sham bidding begins. Designated ‘losing’ bidders, in collusion with the syndicate, complete the charade.

The previous standard operating procedure (SOP) was for the ‘winning’ bidder’ to provide three percent of the advance payment for the project to the losing bidders. SOP to the politicians is also taken from the advance payment. One former public works secretary was also reported to be on the take.

But recently, the practice is to split a percentage of the advance payment between the politicians and the intermediary. A lawmaker who acts as sponsor to the bidder gets 15-20 percent of the project value while local officials share between 2-3 percent. The intermediary is responsible for the share of the losing bidders.

'No one can stop it'

The kickback is nothing to scoff at. Total payoff, according to the local contractor, ranges from 15-27 % of the total value of the contract. This does not include up to 20 percent in “unnecessary costs added to the project,” a former government official with intimate knowledge of bidding in the public works told the WB’s Integrity Vice Presidency unit. The “unnecessary costs” are mean to cover the costs incurred for the bribe.

Expectedly, all payments are in cash. “Company books do not reflect any of these payments in any event, because the books are faked to avoid taxes, ” said a local contractor.

The former government official supported this assertion, adding that bribery extends to internal revenue officials to keep the company’s financial books above board.

In essence, one confidential witness, also a contractor, told WB probers, is that “the corruption involvement in this bidding is extensively from FG (First Gentleman and congressmen to DPWH officers and contractors. No one has the ability to stop it.”
ABS-CBN/Newsbreak
as of 02/03/2009 4:16 PM

40% of funds for 2 subsidy programs did not reach poor: WB report

40% of funds for 2 subsidy programs did not reach poor: WB report

by LALA RIMANDO, abs-cbnNEWS.com/Newsbreak | 11/14/2008 8:36 PM
More than 40 percent of the funds intended for two existing subsidy programs of the government did not reach the poor, a World Bank report showed.
In its first quarterly update on the Philippines released recently, the multilateral lender noted that there are weaknesses and leakage in two pro-poor programs, namely, the Food-for-School program of the social welfare department, and the rice subsidy by the National Food Authority (NFA).

"Leakage of the Food-for-School program and the NFA subsidized rice...were estimated at about 40 percent," the report said.
The report was produced by a team from the Manila office with support from the Philippines country team as part of World Bank's updates on the country's economic and social development and policies.
It explained that the leakage was due to "design weaknesses, mis-targeting, and significant leakage to the non-poor."
It said these "compromised" the efforts of the government to protect the poor through social protection schemes.
Still, it noted that the government is addressing these weaknesses and that it hopes "to improve targeting to minimize leakage and maximize the impact of transfers on poverty reduction."
Rice subsidy
Government’s intervention programs have been funded by windfall from VAT revenues from higher oil prices.
To help low-income consumers cope with the global spike in rice prices then, the government distributed state-subsidized rice through NFA.
World Bank estimated that the cost of this subsidy program could possibly be as high as P60.9 billion in 2008.
“Evidence shows that it is not well-targeted to the poor,” the World Bank report said.
Citing the 2006 Family Income and Expenditure Survey, it stressed that the poorest quintile (lowest 20 percent) in the country only spent 13 percent of their total rice spending on NFA-subsidized rice.
It added that only 31 percent of the NFA-subsidized rice reached the targeted lowest 20 percent, while as much as 41 percent leaked to non-poor households.
Likewise, it noted that in 2006, about 16 percent of the NFA rice was consumed by the richest who belong to the top two quintiles of the population.
Higher than Brazil
At the height of soaring food and fuel prices in the second and third quarter of 2008, World Bank had advocated for government intervention programs that directly target and benefit the “poorest of the poor.”
World Bank’s country director Bert Hoffman cited the success story of Bolsa Familia in Brazil. Referred to as “conditional cash transfers,” Bolsa Familia seeks to reduce poverty through cash transfers schemes to the poor based on factors such as regular school attendance or the regular use of preventive health care services.
However, according to the World Bank-funded discussion paper, “The Nuts and Bolts of Brazil’s Bolsa Familia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash Transfers in a Decentralized Context,” Bolsa Familia is ‘extremely well-targeted.’ It said that the poorest quartile of Brazil’s population enjoyed 80 percent of the benefits.
This means only 20 percent of the program’s budget was leaked to beneficiaries who are not the being targeted. Yet, of these leakages, the paper said 85 percent included the next poorest quartile. The paper concluded that Bolsa Familia money did not find its way into the pockets of the wealthy.
The 40 percent estimated leakage in the Philippines is higher than Brazil’s 20 percent.
Food for school
The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) patterned their own subsidy program, called "Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program" (4P), on Bolsa Familia.
4P, launced in February 2008, is an expansion of an existing subsidy program called “Ahon Pamilyang Pilipino,” which aims to arrest the decreasing participation rate of Filipino students aged 6-14. With its additional P5 billion funds from the government, it aimed to provide cash grants to 321,000 poorest households in 2008.
One of the major components of 4P is the Food-for-School program, where P500 is given monthly to households for health and nutrition while P300 is allotted for each child who is studying, with a maximum number of three students in each family. Mothers usually have access to the money, which they get from the bank through ATM cards.
Government’s efforts
The report also acknowledged the government’s efforts to address these leakages.
For the NFA rice distribution, it cited that selling has been limited to Tindahan Natin outlets where only those with Family Access Cards (FAC) could avail of the subsidized rice.
“Though this approach is more desirable, it nevertheless suffers from some leakages as some FAC beneficiaries are determined by local government officials without the benefit of hard data, such as local household census.”
It suggested a better approach: design and implement a national targeting system to identify the deserving beneficiaries.
For the Food-for-School program, it noted that the government would soon implement the Proxy-Means Test, a computerized ranking system to assess socio-economic characteristics such as ownership of assets (including appliances), type of housing unit, and access to water and sanitation facilities.
Similar efforts would ensure that the funds are received by the intended beneficiaries, the World Bank said.

WB suspends $232-M loan to RP due to bidding anomalies

It is no surprise. It seems that China and the corrupt Arroyo regime are involved in anomalous projects.

4 China firms, RP contractor linked to RP loan deferred by World Bank

World Bank: RP lagging in economic ‘renaissance'

What economic take-off? Mrs. Gloria Arroyo is spreading lies around the about economic gains under her watch.


RP lagging in economic ‘renaissance,’ says WB

Daily Tribune 06/05/2007

While the World Bank (WB) proclaimed yesterday that an economic renaissance has started in Asia, it noted that the Philippines is among the underperformers with 41.9 percent of its 83 million population living in poverty.

The WB defined the poverty level as an income of less than $2 (less than P100) a day for an individual.

WB country director for the Philippines Joachim von Amsberg, in a briefing during yesterday’s launch of the WB study — An East Asian Renaissance: Ideas for Economic Growth — said the country “has for a long time had the potential for dynamic growth and sustained poverty reduction but development outcomes have lagged behind this potential.”

The study noted that in 2005, the level of poverty in the Philippines was exceeded in the region only by Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Indonesia.

In WB’s poverty headcount on the percentage of population living below $2 per day, East had a median of 31.3 percent in 2005, with Korea having less than five percent of its population as poor under the definition, Malaysia, 5.5 percent; Thailand, 22.8 percent; China, 28.6 percent; the Philippines, 41.9 percent; Indonesia, 44.4 percent; Vietnam, 49.1 percent; Cambodia, 62.1 percent and Laos, 68.6 percent.

The WB said low investments are what keeps the development in the country at snail’s pace.

“Deepening of reforms to improve tax revenue collection, to improve the quality of public spending and reduce corruption, and to improve the investment climate through infrastructure and effective competition in key sectors would help raise the investment rate from its current extraordinarily low level,” Von Amsberg said.

“A higher investment rate would make higher growth sustainable, generate more jobs and income and reduce poverty more rapidly,” he said.

Thus, he raised the importance of increased economy of scale, more regional trade with the other Asian countries and higher quality of education.

Von Amsberg said while macroeconomic fundamentals were strengthened particularly in the fiscal position, more focus should be given to investments since it remains below 15 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) against the 20-percent to 30-percent share in other East Asian countries.

“The Philippines has already seen and is reaping the benefits of the right policies in the telecommunications industry. We hope other key sectors, particularly maritime and aviation, will soon follow suit,” he stressed.

On the country’s 6.9 percent GDP growth, Von Amsberg said the WB will have to see how the growth will be sustained.

“The challenge right now is that the good news could create complacency. The good news could lead to a situation where the gains from this very good situation might be lost,” he added.

Homi Kharas, one of the two authors of the latest WB study on East Asia, said the improvement in East Asia right now is “something quite new.”

“The old Asia relied on the famous flying geese analogy that saw mature industries move to low-wage countries. The new Asia is more innovative and networked —it’s characterized by a very competitive business environment that encourages new products and processes and a labor force able to absorb new ideas,” he said.

He added compared to countries in the East Asia, the Philippines is “doing well on trade side, okay on the finance side but quite poorly on innovation in research and development, management of cities and absorption of people in the cities, rural/urban divide and on corruption.”

Indermit Gill, co-author of the East Asia study, said “(East Asia) cities are at the core of development strategy based on international integration, investment and innovation.”

He said, “East Asia is witnessing the largest rural-to-urban shift of population in history.”

“Two million new urban dwellers are expected in East Asia cities every month for the next 20 years. This will mean planning for and building dynamic, connected cities that are linked both domestically and to the outside world so that economic growth continues and social cohesion is strengthened,” he added.